Acids Bases and Salts :-
Today in this article I will explain about Acids Bases and Salts:-
**What are acids? Give examples.
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Answer:- The substances which are sour in taste, turns blue litmus paper/solution into red contain replaceable hydrogen atoms in their structure and are replaced by metals or metal type radicles are known as acids. eg; H₂SO₄(Sulphuric acids),H₂SO₃(Sulphurous acid), HNO₃(Nitric acid), CH₃COOH (Acetic acid)
**How acids are classified?
Answer:- Acids are classified in two types:-
(i) Inorganic acids.
(ii) Organic acids.
**What are Inorganic acids?Give examples.
Answer:- The acids which have one ,two or more replaceable hydrogen atom in their structure along with other functional group are known as Inorganic acids.e.g; Hcl(hydrochloric acid), HI(hydroiodic acid), HNO₃(Nitric acid) etc.
**What are Organic acids? Give examples.
Answer:- The acids which have hydrogen along with carbon atoms in their structure are known as organic acids.e.g;HCOOH(Methanoic acid),CH₃COOH(Ethanoic acid)etc.
**What are the differences between organic and inorganic acids?
Answer:- The differences between organic and inorganic acids are :-
(i) The organic acids are generally weak.eg; CH₃COOH (Ethanoic acid or acetic acid) on the other hand inorganic acids are strong and highly corrosive.e.g; Sulphuric Acid (H₂SO₄)
(ii) Organic acids have hydrogen along with carbon atoms in their structure. e.g;CH₃CH₂COOH(Propanoic acid), on the other hand inorganic acids have only hydrogen atom in their structure.e.g; HF(hydro floric acid), HBr(hydrobromic acid)
**write some chemical properties of acids.
Answer:- Some chemical properties of acids are :-
(i) Acids turn blue litmus paper or solution into red.
(ii) Acids react with bases in neutralisation reaction produce salts and water.e.g; When dilute hydrochloric acid(HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) they produce sodium chloride (salt) and water.
The reaction can be given by:-
(iii) Acids are good electrolytes.
(iv) Acids react with metal to produce metallic salt and hydrogen gas.
The reaction can be given by:-
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq)—--->Mgcl₂(s) + H₂(g)
**write some physical properties of acids.
Answer:- (i) Acids are sour in taste.
(ii) Acids have hydrogen potential value less than 7 i.e; pH<7
(iii) Acids are highly corrosive.e.g; concentrated hydrochloric acid (con.HCl)concentrated sulphuric acid (con.H₂SO₄)
This instance can be explained, in this way:-
If one or two drops of conc.HNO₃ falls in our skin it burns causing sever damage to our skin.
(iii) Acids are highly corrosive.e.g; concentrated hydrochloric acid (con.HCl)concentrated sulphuric acid (con.H₂SO₄)
This instance can be explained, in this way:-
If one or two drops of conc.HNO₃ falls in our skin it burns causing sever damage to our skin.
**What are bases?Give examples.
Answer:- The substances which are bitter in teste, sloppy,turns red litmus paper or litmus solution into blue, have hydrogen potential more than 7 i.e; pH>7 reacts with acids in neutralisation reactions produces salt and water are known as bases.e.g;NaOH(Sodium hydroxide) NH₄OH(Ammonium hydroxide).
**What are the different types of bases?
Answer:- Bases are generally divided in two types:- (i) Strong bases or alkalies (ii) Weak bases.
Strong bases or alkalies :- The bases which completely dissolve in water are called strong bases or alkalies. e.g; KOH(Potassium hydroxide), NaOH (Sodium hydroxide)etc.
Weak bases :- The bases which partially dissolve in water are called weak bases.e.g; Al(OH)₃, Mg(OH)₂.
**write some chemical properties of bases.
Answer:- Some chemical properties of bases are :-
(i) Bases turn red litmus paper or solution into blue.
(ii) Bases show neutralisation reaction and in neutralisation reaction with acids they produce salt and water.
(iii) Bases have hydrogen potential greater than 7, i.e; pH>7
**write some differences between acids and bases.
Answer:- The difference between acids and bases are :-
(a) Acids turn blue litmus paper or solution into red,where as bases turns red litmus paper or solution into blue.(b) Acids react with metals to produce metallic salt and hydrogen on the other hand bases never react with metals.
(c) Acids have pH< 7 where as bases have pH >7
**what is neutralisation reaction?Give example.
Answer:- When acids react with bases both of them lost their primary property and produce new compounds namely salt and water and the reaction is called neutralisation reaction. e.g; When calcium hydroxide reacts with sulphuric acid, it produces calcium sulphate (CaSO₄) salt and water.
**What are salts? Give examples.
Answer:- The compounds which have metallic part of a base and a non metallic part of an acid ,are produced in the neutralisation reaction between acids and bases are known as salts.e.g; Sodium chloride (Nacl), Potassium nitrate (KNO₃)
**Write some chemical properties of salts.
Answer:-
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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS:-
Acids bases and salts example.
Answer: Examples of acids :- Sulphuric acid(H₂SO₄ ),Nitric acid(HNO₃), Hydrochloric acid (Hcl).......
Examples of bases :- Sodium hydroxide (NaoH),Potassium hydroxide(KOH),Aluminium hydroxide[Al(OH)₃].......
Examples of salts:- Sodium chloride(Nacl).Potassium chloride(Kcl),Magnesium sulphate (MgSO₄)....
Name three strong acids.
Answer:- Sulphuric acid(H₂SO₄ ),Nitric acid(HNO₃), Hydrochloric acid (Hcl).
Name two weak acids.
Answer:- Methanoic acid (HCOOH),Ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH).
Name two strong bases
Answer:- Sodium hydroxide (NaoH),Potassium hydroxide(KOH).
Name two weak bases.
Answer:- Aluminium hydroxide[Al(OH)₃],
Magnesium hydroxide [ Mg(OH)₂].
What are catalysts?
.
Answer:- The compounds or elements which are present in a chemical reaction ,either increase or decrease the rate of reaction
are termed as catalysts.
There are two types of catalysts :-(i) Positive catalyst ,which increases the rate of chemical reaction.(ii) Negative catalyst,which decrease the rate of chemical reaction.
What are indicators?Give examples.
.
Answer:- The sustances which help us to identify acid, base or neutrel from a solution are called indicators.e.g; Litmus paper or limus solution.
Name two organic indicator.
.
Answer: (i) Methyl orange.
(ii) Phenolphthalein
Name two natural indicator
Answer:-(I) Litmus paper/solution.
(II) Turmeric.
Acids bases and salts example.
Answer: Examples of acids :- Sulphuric acid(H₂SO₄ ),Nitric acid(HNO₃), Hydrochloric acid (Hcl)....... Examples of bases :- Sodium hydroxide (NaoH),Potassium hydroxide(KOH),Aluminium hydroxide[Al(OH)₃]....... Examples of salts:- Sodium chloride(Nacl).Potassium chloride(Kcl),Magnesium sulphate (MgSO₄)....
Name three strong acids.
Answer:- Sulphuric acid(H₂SO₄ ),Nitric acid(HNO₃), Hydrochloric acid (Hcl).
Name two weak acids.
Answer:- Methanoic acid (HCOOH),Ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH).
Name two strong bases
Answer:- Sodium hydroxide (NaoH),Potassium hydroxide(KOH).
Name two weak bases.
Answer:- Aluminium hydroxide[Al(OH)₃], Magnesium hydroxide [ Mg(OH)₂].
What are catalysts?
. Answer:- The compounds or elements which are present in a chemical reaction ,either increase or decrease the rate of reaction are termed as catalysts. There are two types of catalysts :-(i) Positive catalyst ,which increases the rate of chemical reaction.(ii) Negative catalyst,which decrease the rate of chemical reaction.
What are indicators?Give examples.
. Answer:- The sustances which help us to identify acid, base or neutrel from a solution are called indicators.e.g; Litmus paper or limus solution.
Name two organic indicator.
. Answer: (i) Methyl orange. (ii) Phenolphthalein
Name two natural indicator
Answer:-(I) Litmus paper/solution. (II) Turmeric.
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