Some important points on Hydrocarbons.

What are the importance of Hydrocarbons?

 

• Today in this article I will discuss on the topic 'what are the importance of hydrocarbons' ? which will help class 9 and class 10 school going students a lot.

   

•   Hydrocarbon notes:- 
• What are hydrocarbons?

Answer:-

• The binary compounds which are formed  when carbon reacts with hydrogen is called hydrocarbons. e.g;Methane(CH₄),Ethane(C₂H₆),Ethene (C₂H₄), Propyne (C₃H₄)

    

•  What are the five types of hydrocarbon?

Answer:- The five types of hydrocarbon are divided in following ways:-

• Hydrocarbons are mainly divided in two types (1) Aliphatic or acyclic. (2)Alicyclic. They are further divided as per following picture shown:-

• What are aliphatic or acyclic hydrocarbons?

Answer:-

• The hydrocarbons which have simple long chain structure is known as aliphatic or acyclic hydrocarbons.e,g; Butane(C₄H₁₀), Pentane(C₅H₁₂)

• What are alicyclic hydrocarbons?

Answer:-

• The hydrocarbons which are cyclic in order may have carbon ring or not in their structure are known as alicyclic hydrocarbons. e,g; Benzene(C₆H₆), Cyclo pentane(C₅H₁₂).

• What do you mean by saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Answer:-

• The hydrocarbons which have only single bonds in their structure are generally stable are known as saturated hydrocarbons or alkanes.e,g; Methane(CH₄), Ethane(C₂H₆). The general structural formula of alkanes is CₙH₂ₙ+₂ where n= 1,2,3,4,.......

   

•    The hydrocarbons which have double or triple bonds in their structure is known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. e,g;Ethene(C₂H₄), Ethyne(C₂H₂).

       

    

•  What are alkenes and alkynes ?

Answer:-

• The hydrocarbons which contain only double bonds in their structure is known as alkenes.e.g; Ethene(C₂H₄) Propene(C₃H₆). The general formula of alkenes is (CₙH₂ₙ), Where n = 2,3,4……

• and n≠1

• The hydrocarbons which have only triple bonds in their structure is known as alkynes. e,g; Ethyne(C₂H₂),Propyne(C₃H₄)

• The general formula of alkynes is (CₙH₂ₙ_₂)

• where,n=2,3,4…… and n≠ 1

• How can we write the structural formulae of alkanes family?

Answer:-

• The general formula of alkanes is CₙH₂ₙ+₂

•   lf we take n=1 then,C=n =1

• and H=2n+2 will be H=2×1+2 =4

• Then, the formula of the alkane will be CH₄ which is known as methane. 

     Similarly,

• If we take, n=2 then, C=n=2

• and H=2n+2 will be H=2×2+2 =4+2=6

• So, alkane will be C₂H₆ which is known as ethane ,in this way we can find more alkanes.

• How can we write structural formulae of alkenes family?

Answer:- 

• The general formula of alkenes is CₙH₂ₙ

• If n=2 then C = n =2

• and H=2n =2×2=4

• So,alkene will be C₂H₄ which is known as ethene.

• Again if n=3 then, C= n =3

• and H=2n =2×3=6

• So, alkene will be C₃H₆ which is called propene.

• How can we write structural formulae of alkynes

Answer:-

• The general formula of alkynes is CₙH₂ₙ_₂

• If we n=2 then, C=n=2

• also H=2n-2 =2×2 -2 =4-2=2

• So,the alkyne will be, C₂H₂ which is known as ethyne.

• Again, if n=3 then C=n=3

• also H=2×3-2=6-2=4

• So, the alkyne will be C₃H₄which is known as propyne.

     

What are parafins and olefins?

Answer:-

• Alkanes contain only single bonds in their structure so they are very stable and can not be broken, so they are called parafins. e.g; CH₄ , C₂H₆ etc.

• What is the most important hydrocarbon ?

• Answer:- The most important hydrocarbons is olefins or unsaturated hydrocarbons as they are used to produce gasolin, petrol and disel.

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS:-

what are olefins?

Answer:- Alkenes are called olefins as they can produce oil.

What are paraffins?

Answer:- Alkanes are oftenly called paraffins as they are single bonded compounds, so they can be hardly breakable.

Give three examples of saturated hydrocarbons.

Answer:- Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons. Three examples of saturated hydrocarbons are :- Methane (CH₄), Ethane (C₂H₆), Propane(C₃ H₈).....

Give five examples of unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Answer:- Alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons. Five examples of unsaturated hydrocarbons are :- Ethene (C₂H₄), Propene(C₃H₆),Ethyne (C₂ H₂),Propyne (C₃ H₄), Butene (C₄H₈)....

Which two elements are involved in the formation of hydrocarbons?

Answer:- Two elements are involved in the formation of hydrocarbons are :- Carbon and hydrogen.

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