Title:- what are covalent compounds?
Introduction:-
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what are covalent compounds? is our main discussion.Today I will explain on a nice topic of chemistry,what are covalent compounds? Hope this will help a lot for school children of class (ix) and class(x)
Explanation:-
To start today's discussion let, us first know
What are elements?
Answer:- The matters which are composed of only one type of particles are known as elements.e.g; Sodium (Na), Magnesium(Mg), Carbon(C).....
What are atoms?
Answer:- The smallest part of an element
which is unbreakable chemically are known as atoms.
e.g; Sodium(Na) ,Helium(He), Lithium(Li) ,all are monoatomic elements. Oxygen(O₂) is a diatomic molecule.Water(H₂O) is a triatomic molecule.
What are molecules?
Answer:- When two or more than two similar or different types of atoms combine together chemically they form molecules
e.g;
O + O —------------------> O₂
Oxygen molecule(diatomic)
2H₂ + O₂—------------------> 2H₂O
Water molecule(triatomic)
What are compounds?
Abswer:- When two or more molecules or atoms chemically react themselves under some definite conditions and combines then they form compounds.
e.g;
N₂ + 3H₂ —----------------> 2NH₃
(molecule) (molecule) (Ammonia is a compound)
C + O₂—---------------------->CO₂
(atom) (molecule) (carbon dioxide is a gas/compound)
Now we will learn our main topic
what are covalent compounds?
Answer:- The compounds which are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between two non metal atoms, are known as covalent compounds.
e.g; Methane(CH₄),Ethene(C₂H₄),Ethyne(C₂H₂) etc.
Now I will discuss additionally
How methane(CH₄) is formed?
Answer:- Electronic configuration of carbon is 2,4 ; To complete octet and get its nearest noble gas neon(Ne) gas configuration(2,8) and to become stable carbon need 4more electrons or to get duplet and get helium gas(He) gas configuration (2)carbon need to give up its 4 valence shell electrons but carbon atom is too small due to its inter molecular electronic force of attraction carbon atom neither able to give up 4 valence nor it can get 4 electrons from other atoms.
On the other hand hydrogen atom is very small and have only 1 valence electrons which occupies its first shell(s-shell) to get its nearest noble gas helium (He),hydrogen atom need one more electron but it is unable to gain one electron from other atoms.
So, 4 hydrogen atoms share their lone electron each with one carbon forming four covalent single bonds and thus methane(CH₄) is formed. The formation can be given as:-
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How ethene (C₂H₄) is formed?
Answer:- Electronic configuration of carbon is 2,4 ; To complete octet and get its nearest noble gas neon(Ne) gas configuration(2,8) and to become stable carbon need 4more electrons or to get duplet and get helium gas(He) gas configuration (2)carbon need to give up its 4 valence shell electrons but carbon atom is too small due to its inter molecular electronic force of attraction carbon atom neither able to give up 4 valence nor it can get 4 electrons from other atoms.
On the other hand hydrogen atom is very small and have only 1 valence electrons which occupies its first shell(s-shell) to get its nearest noble gas helium (He),hydrogen atom need one more electron but it is unable to gain one electron from other atoms.
So, 4 hydrogen atoms share their lone electron each with two carbon forming four covalent single bonds and 1 covalent double bond and thus ethene(C₂H₄) is formed. The formation can be given as:-
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Conclusion:-
Generally compounds are of two types:-
(i) Covalent Compounds.
(ii) Ionic Compounds.
Covalent Compounds are formed by the sharing of electrons between two non metals where as ionic compounds.....
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONs ON COVALENT COMPOUNDs:
(i). Types of covalent bond with examples.
+Answer:Covalent bonds are three types:-
(i) Single Bond. example:- ( H₂ , CH₄)
(ii) Double Bond. example:- (O₂ , C₂H₄)
(iii) Triple Bons. example:- (N₂ , C₂H₂)
(ii). 3 types of covalent bonds.
+Answer:3 types of covalent bonds are :-
(i) Single covalent bond or single bond.
(ii) Double covalent bond or double bond.
(iii) Triple of covalent bond or triple bond.
(iii).Double covalent bond.
+Answer:When two non metal atoms share one pair of electrons each between themselves as a result the covalent bond which is formed is known as double covalent bond or double bond. e.g; Ethene (C₂H₄) which have double covalent bond in its structure.
(iv).What is a covalent compounds Class 10?
+Answer:The compounds which are formed due to equal share of electrons between two non metal atoms are known as covalent compounds.e.g; Methane (CH₄)
(v).What is covalent and ionic bond Class 10?
+Answer:The bond which is formed by the equal share of electrons between two non metal atoms is called covalent bond.e.g; Ethyne (C₂H₂) molecule has triple covalent bond in its structure.
The bond which is formed by the transfer of electrons between metal atom to non metal atom is known as ionic bond. e.g; Sodium chloride or common salt (Nacl) has Na⁺ and cl⁻ when it is dissociate in aqueous solution and has ionic bond in its structure.
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